Vertebrate brain theory

for the European Union’s Human Brain Project

ISBN 978-3-00-064888-5

Monograph by Dr Andreas Heinrich Malczan

11. List of figures

Figure 1 – Simple rope ladder nervous system without mean centres38
Figure 2 – Spatial arrangement of neuron classes44
Figure 3 – Statocyste (active principle)52
Figure 4 – Vestibular-triggered correction movements53
Figure 5 – Basic structures of the rope ladder nervous system57
Figure 6 – Body and neural tube – imaging topology67
Figure 7 – Topology in the neural tube – segment rings and modality rings69
Figure 8 – Visual imaging of the retina in the optic tectum76
Figure 9 – Principle of signal crossing on the crossing floor80
Figure 10 – Splitting the rope ladder system into modality ladders86
Figure 11 – Arrangement of neuron classes in the neural tube91
Figure 12 – Neural excitation of the minimum coded vestibular sense112
Figure 13 – Inverted output of the neovestibular sense – maximum coded113
Figure 14 – Original nucleus olivaris137
Figure 15 – Climbing fiber signal generated in the striosome system141
Figure 16 – Dopaminergic and GABAergic projection in the basal ganglion system142
Figure 17 – Cluster group in the cortex159
Figure 18 – Individual clusters in the cortex – schematic representation160
Figure 19 – Echo generation on delay lines in the hippocampus180
Figure 20 – Hippocampus basic circuit as echo generator181
Figure 21 – The hippocampal theta182
Figure 22 – The formation of signal divergence in the nucleus olivaris206
Figure 23 – Divergence grid in the nucleus olivaris – schematic diagram207
Figure 24 – The nucleus olivaris and its structure210
Figure 25 – Signal divergence in the nucleus olivaris and cerebellum212
Figure 26 – Divergence and convergence in the vertebrate brain215
Figure 27 – Cable equation for non-markless axons217
Figure 28 – Fire rate for signal propagation on non-markless axons218
Figure 29 – Divergence grid in the nucleus olivaris – schematic diagram219
Figure 30 – Divergence grid – derivation of the fire rate220
Figure 31 – Linear and plane divergence grid in the olivaric nucleus225
Figure 32 – Divergence grid and signal inversion227
Figure 33 – Inverted output of a divergence grating228
Figure 34 – Output divergence grid after extreme value selection229
Figure 35 – Convergence grid – block diagram231
Figure 36 – Convergence grid – derivation of the fire rate232
Figure 37 – Signal divergence in the nucleus olivaris239
Figure 38 – Signal divergence and convergence in the pontocerebellum241
Figure 39 – The inhibition of the olive by the neurons of the nucleus dentatus245
Figure 40 – Splitting the neural tube250
Figure 41 – The frontal cortex as a new turning structure and convergence system257
Figure 42 – DVR as convergence grid262
Figure 43 – Signal divergence in the cortical floor270
Figure 44 – Cable equation for non-markless fibers276
Figure 45 – Fire rate for signal propagation on non-markless fibers277
Figure 46 – Linear and plane divergence grating in comparison278
Figure 47 – Planar divergence grid with four input neurons278
Figure 48 – Principle representation No. 1 excitation function289
Figure 49 – Principle diagram No. 2 excitation function289
Figure 50 – Principle representation No. 3 excitation function290
Figure 51 – Principle diagram No. 4 excitation function290
Figure 52 – Principle representation No. 5 excitation function290
Figure 53 – Principle representation No. 6 excitation function290
Figure 54 – Great size diagram in polar coordinates293
Figure 55 – Linear and plane divergence grating in comparison295
Figure 56 – Plane convergence grid in the Cartesian coordinate system296
Figure 57 – Coding of the direction of motion by neuron populations299
Figure 58 – Chord length on the circle304
Figure 59 – Chord length and center distance304
Figure 60 – Calculating the chord length on a circle305
Figure 61 – Chord length calculation for a shifted receptive field306
Figure 62 – Arrangement of four visual ganglion cells307
Figure 63 – Radius vectors to a neuron at point P(x,y)309
Figure 64 – The angle dependence of the term T2313
Figure 65 – Display of the angle seen from the side314
Figure 66 – Viewing the angle from above314
Figure 67 – The influence of r on the directional selectivity315
Figure 68 – The influence of r315
Figure 69 – Orientation columns for large r316
Figure 70 – Orientation columns with large r316
Figure 71 – Signal divergence in the olfactory cortex320
Figure 72 – Basic circuit of the limbic system according to Malczan327
Figure 73 – Signal inversion in the basal ganglia to generate a time-sensitive differential image in the thalamus VL341
Figure 74 – Divergence and convergence in the basal ganglia system343
Figure 75 – Superposition of the excitations in a color triangle357
Figure 76 – Neural color triangle in the olivar nucleus358

Monograph of Dr. rer. nat. Andreas Heinrich Malczan